A sample of 201 alcohol dependants under treatment at the Mental Health Service of Retiro, Madrid was subjected to the Relapse Precipitant Inventory (RPI, Litman et al., 1983) in order to test the reliability and validity of this instrument. Previous studies have demonstrated that the RPI can discriminate significantly between alcohol relapsers and survivors. This instrument has been used in relapse prevention treatment as a therapeutic tool. This 25 items questionnaire evaluates the situations which are dangerous for the individual’s abstinence. Factorial analysis showed four emergent factors accounting for 53.7 of the variance which are similar to the factors found in previous studies, namely, (i) unpleasant mood states; (ii) reduced cognitive vigilance; (iii) interpersonal, leisure situations, and pleasant emotions; and (iv) situations previously related to alcohol. Other psychometric characteristics of the inventory are discussed.